Monday, April 20, 2009
Monday, April 13, 2009
summary for chapter 11, tfy
CHAPTER 11INDUCTIVE REASONING AND INDUCTIVE FALLACIESHOW DO I REASON FROM EVIDENCE?__________________________________________ Induction comes from the latin inducere, to lead in. In logic, induction is to reason to conclusion about all membersof a class on the basis of an examination of a few member of a class.Induction reasons from theparticular to the general. well, Textbook's author describes inductive reasoning as the process of thinking that youused in a describing a fruit, vegetables, or tool in chapter 1 when you began by not knowing the identityof the covered object.We use inductive reasoning to help us out in situations where an examination of all the data would be an impossible or impracticaltask.This chapter discuses numbers of methods that have traditionally been used to learn about thewhole from astudy of its parts.They include sensory observation, enumeration, analogical reasoning, pattern recognitions, casual reasoningand statistical reasoning. Fallacies of inductive reasoning is you will learn a great deal more about howinductive reasoning can go wrong.Following is alist of the fallacies that will be covered in this chapter.they are;Hasty generalization,either or fallacy, questionable statistics,inconsistencies and contradiction, loaded question, false analogy, false cause and slippery slope. By reading this chapter i learned much about inductive reasoning and fallacies of inductive reasoning.Although i use these reasoning in my daily life i have never known that what kind of reasoning is i am using.and also i can teach these induction to my youngers,family etc who are unknown to this and try to reduce applyingfallacies of argument which sounds awkward when we use it.
summary of chapter 11
READING, CHAPTER 1
________________
For many years, three basic definitions of reading have driven literacy programs in the United states (Foertch 1998). According to first definition, learning to read means learning to pronounce words. According to second definition, learning to read means learning to identify words and get their meaning. According to third definition, learning to read means learning to bring meaning to a text inorder to get meaning from it.
Text book's author describes "Reading" is an active process based on an author's ability to convey meaning through the written word and your ability to extract meaning from those words.
Writing in your learning journal helps you to think on paper about what you have read, to identify what you do (and do not) understand and explore how you think. In order to make learning journal work you need to explain what you have learned and what is still unclear to you.
Concentration is the ability to focus exclusively on a project and to ignore all else. In order to develop a good concentration habits you need to actively engage with what you are reading.Most of us use all of the different learning styles to a greater or lesser extent, but we tend to prefer one of them.They are; Auditory learning is what we learns comes from what we hear in lecture.Visual learning is through television, video etc and kinesthetic learning is through drawing maps, making models etc.
There are two types of concentration distracters they are; Internal and External distracters. Internal distracters comes from inside you and external distracters comes from your environment and can include television, loud music, constant cell phones etc.
I do love reading books which is specially related to my study but i am not much interested to read novels beacuse i don't have much power in my concentration.By reading this chapter i leaned how to develop my concentration power by following different author's techniques to improve concentration.
________________
For many years, three basic definitions of reading have driven literacy programs in the United states (Foertch 1998). According to first definition, learning to read means learning to pronounce words. According to second definition, learning to read means learning to identify words and get their meaning. According to third definition, learning to read means learning to bring meaning to a text inorder to get meaning from it.
Text book's author describes "Reading" is an active process based on an author's ability to convey meaning through the written word and your ability to extract meaning from those words.
Writing in your learning journal helps you to think on paper about what you have read, to identify what you do (and do not) understand and explore how you think. In order to make learning journal work you need to explain what you have learned and what is still unclear to you.
Concentration is the ability to focus exclusively on a project and to ignore all else. In order to develop a good concentration habits you need to actively engage with what you are reading.Most of us use all of the different learning styles to a greater or lesser extent, but we tend to prefer one of them.They are; Auditory learning is what we learns comes from what we hear in lecture.Visual learning is through television, video etc and kinesthetic learning is through drawing maps, making models etc.
There are two types of concentration distracters they are; Internal and External distracters. Internal distracters comes from inside you and external distracters comes from your environment and can include television, loud music, constant cell phones etc.
I do love reading books which is specially related to my study but i am not much interested to read novels beacuse i don't have much power in my concentration.By reading this chapter i leaned how to develop my concentration power by following different author's techniques to improve concentration.
Monday, April 6, 2009
summary of chapter 10, tfy
In this chapter 10, fallacies the purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate the origin of fallacy, definition of fallacy, different types of fallacies that manipulate through language, emotions and distractions.
According to author, Fallacies comes from latin word fallacia, which means trick. A fallacy is a statement or argument that presents itself as soundly reasoned when it is not.
When we learn the names and characteristics of these fallacies, we learn more about the rules for good reasoning, we avoid using them ouerselves and we are not influenced by arguments that contain them.
Some fallacies that manipulates through language, emotions and distractions.Manipulation through language is occured by using deceptive language like word ambiguity, euphemisms, and prejudicial language etc, Manipulation through emotions is by seeking intentionally to arouse such emtions as fear, anxiety etc. Manipulation through distraction include is occured due to having a lack of support for their arguments and fallacies based on distraction includes red herring, pointing to another wrong, straw man etc.
I had also experience these fallacies several times. But i learned alot by doing such mistakes, whenever i try repeat it i remind my previous mistake and try to control my self from these fallacies.
According to author, Fallacies comes from latin word fallacia, which means trick. A fallacy is a statement or argument that presents itself as soundly reasoned when it is not.
When we learn the names and characteristics of these fallacies, we learn more about the rules for good reasoning, we avoid using them ouerselves and we are not influenced by arguments that contain them.
Some fallacies that manipulates through language, emotions and distractions.Manipulation through language is occured by using deceptive language like word ambiguity, euphemisms, and prejudicial language etc, Manipulation through emotions is by seeking intentionally to arouse such emtions as fear, anxiety etc. Manipulation through distraction include is occured due to having a lack of support for their arguments and fallacies based on distraction includes red herring, pointing to another wrong, straw man etc.
I had also experience these fallacies several times. But i learned alot by doing such mistakes, whenever i try repeat it i remind my previous mistake and try to control my self from these fallacies.
summary of textbook methods of organization
Text book authors use differnt methods of organization inorder to prevent information in a logical format that suits the subject matter and goals of their books.These methods of organizational pattern which help us to understand textbook are listing, analysis, cause/ effects comparison/contrast, definition/examples and sequence.These pattern uses various organizational word clues, they are; first......... second.......third, festures, types, since, reasons, however, yet, but, defined as, is, means the same as etc. These word clues are used to indicate the overall organization of a reading passage, journal article or textbook chapter.
We can use text book methods of organization by developing test question and by recognizing above patterns and use them as a blue print for predicting the types of exam questions which might be asked.
Even i use the text methods of organization inorder to remind me in exam time.I usually underline the main points and highlight it after reading a paragraph. Organizational word clues helps me to find out what authors main message to us and also i used them while writing an essay, report writing etc
We can use text book methods of organization by developing test question and by recognizing above patterns and use them as a blue print for predicting the types of exam questions which might be asked.
Even i use the text methods of organization inorder to remind me in exam time.I usually underline the main points and highlight it after reading a paragraph. Organizational word clues helps me to find out what authors main message to us and also i used them while writing an essay, report writing etc
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
